Founded in 1661 by Louis XIV, the Ballet de l’Opéra national de Paris stands as one of the world’s most prestigious ballet institutions. The company emerged from the royal court’s passion for dance and has evolved into a world-class ensemble performing at two principal venues: the Palais Garnier, an architectural masterpiece dating to 1875, and the modern Opéra Bastille, which opened in 1989. Together these theatres provide distinct artistic environments for both classical and contemporary repertoire.
The Paris Opéra Ballet is internationally recognised for its distinctive étoile system, which ranks its dancers by achievement and artistic excellence. This hierarchical structure — unique in its precision — celebrates exceptional talent and provides clear recognition of artistic milestones. The étoile designation is one of the most coveted titles in international ballet, and the company’s dancers consistently achieve the highest standards of technical virtuosity.
Throughout its history the company has been shaped by visionary choreographers and directors. Serge Lifar dominated the mid-twentieth century, defining a distinctly French neoclassical style. Rudolf Nureyev’s tenure as director from 1983 to 1989 revitalised and internationalised the company. Roland Petit, Pierre Lacotte, and Benjamin Millepied each left lasting marks on the repertoire. Under Artistic Director José Martínez, appointed in 2022, the company continues to honour its classical heritage while embracing new choreographic voices.
The company maintains a repertoire spanning four centuries of dance history, from the classical works that form its foundation to cutting-edge contemporary commissions. Its productions are characterised by sumptuous designs, live orchestral accompaniment from the Opéra national de Paris orchestra, and a commitment to artistic excellence that reflects its role as a cultural ambassador for France on the international stage.